We have updated our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use for Eurasia Group and its affiliates, including GZERO Media, to clarify the types of data we collect, how we collect it, how we use data and with whom we share data. By using our website you consent to our Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy, including the transfer of your personal data to the United States from your country of residence, and our use of cookies described in our Cookie Policy.
"Don't be a tough guy," Trump said. "Don't be a fool." Make a deal. Those were his words of wisdom for Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in an extremely peculiar letter of warning about the consequences of continuing Turkey's invasion of Syria. Well, today the American government's top two Mikes (VP Pence and Secretary of State Pompeo) flew to Ankara to make a deal. And what a deal it was...for Erdogan.
Turkey has agreed to halt military operations for 120 hours in northern Syria. In exchange for that, the US has endorsed Ankara's demands for a Turkish-administered "safe zone" extending 20 miles into Syria and has agreed to oversee the withdrawal from that area of Kurdish militants who are linked to the Turkey-based Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), which has waged a decades-long armed conflict against Ankara. If all goes well over those 120 hours – which the US calls a ceasefire but Turkey does not –Washington will also remove the sanctions that it imposed on Ankara after Turkey invaded Syria last week. Trump had initially opened the way for that invasion by pulling back US forces working locally with Kurdish militants to fight ISIS.
First and foremost, this agreement is good for the people living in northern Syria, who in recent days have already suffered hideous violence as Turkish troops and their local Arab proxies advanced. At least 50 civilians have been killed inside Syria and 18 over the border in southern Turkey since the Turkish offensive began.
But it's also an extraordinary win for Erdogan, who has long sought a "safe zone" of this kind for two reasons. First, as a place he can send some of the 3.6 million increasingly unwelcome Syrian refugees currently residing in Turkey. And second, as a buffer between powerful Kurdish militants in Syria and their Kurdish separatist groups inside Turkey.
Looking ahead, here are a few questions that remain unanswered.
What happens to the Kurds? Simply put, they lose this land. But more broadly, the US has committed to removing members of the Kurdish militant group YPG from the area. Where will they go? And under what terms? How will the US distinguish between Kurdish militants in the area and members of the Syrian Defense Forces (SDF) – a group formed in 2015 to help the US in its fight against ISIS. Does the SDF's recent decision to switch allegiance from the US to the regime of Bashar al-Assad and Russia still hold?
What happens to ISIS? One of the fears in recent days was that heightened conflict in the region would enable ISIS fighters held by the Kurds to escape. President Trump has downplayed that risk, telling the press that under the agreement the Kurds will continue to track and fight ISIS "under US supervision." It's not clear what "US supervision" means if the US no longer has a presence in that swath of Syria.
What about Russia? Russian military contractors had already begun to move into areas abandoned by retreating US forces. What's more, Moscow's idea of a Turkish "safe zone" is less than a third as deep as what the two Mikes have agreed to in Ankara.
What concessions did the US get from Turkey? Pence repeatedly evaded this $10 million question at a press conference after the meeting with Turkey, saying "you'll see from the agreement."
For now, we'll have to wait and see. But at first gloss, Erdogan has achieved virtually all of his goals in northern Syria at the low low price of a week's unpleasantness with Trump.
He got to be a tough guy, and, in the end, he was certainly no fool.